ঢাকা ১১:৪০ অপরাহ্ন, রবিবার, ২২ ডিসেম্বর ২০২৪, ৮ পৌষ ১৪৩১ বঙ্গাব্দ

Web Based Electricity Cost Model

  • নিজস্ব সংবাদ :
  • আপডেট সময় ০৯:২৪:৫৬ পূর্বাহ্ন, বুধবার, ২০ নভেম্বর ২০২৪
  • ৬৩ বার পড়া হয়েছে

Summary
Bangladesh is going through phases of digital automation in order to save time, cost, space and energy. However, due to lack of skilled resource and proper policy planning, the speed of automation is not yet as expected. Understanding the system level requirements and developing a user-friendly application is also not a trivial task.

Many applications in Bangladesh require automation. Automation provides centralized data required for proper management of a system and ensures easy access of the data to all stakeholders. Electricity and primary energy supply chain require a close integration, which can be realized through web-based management. It is worth mentioning here that in this proposal the word electricity and energy are used interchangeably. Emphasis is made on electricity, as this is the most versatile final and usable form of energy today. At present, more than 50% of the total commercial energy used in Bangladesh is electricity. A web-based electricity cost model is a key to ensure least cost electricity supply, improvement of energy efficiency and low CO2 emission.

In Bangladesh (and many other developing countries), the electricity market is regulated. Due to lack of proper regulation, it is not possible to achieve the least cost energy supply. The only way to ensure proper regulation is through ensuring competition among investors as well as among utilities under independent regulatory body. In order to ensure perfect competition, the energy sector has to be levelled playing field, which is almost absent in Bangladesh due to incompetent regulatory body. The web-based application envisioned here would be effective in achieving that. In developed countries, there are many web-based applications in different public and private sectors, but to the best of our knowledge, there is no such application for managing the cost of electricity supply. Because, the electricity systems in the developed countries are entirely privatized, decentralized and deregulated, there is limited or no scope of such application there. The web application itself and the various analysis techniques proposed here are not new, but the overall model development for electricity cost through web is quite innovative.

Background
Today it is observed that the least cost electricity supply, energy efficiency improvement and CO2 emission reduction are not yet ensured due to (i) improper fuel mix for electricity generation, (ii) improper selection of power generation technology, (iii) irrational cost increasing at each segment of electricity supply chain, (iv) less energy and institutional efficiency at generation, transmission and distribution segments, (v) absence of competition at the said segments, (vi) lack of quality purchase of goods and services by the utilities, (vii) uneconomic expansion of electricity coverage area, (viii) no adoption of merit-order load dispatch principle, (ix) manually operated national load dispatch center, (x) improper investment strategy, (xi) adoption of renewable development and energy efficiency improvement programs without complying with power and energy sector development goal, (xii) the sector as a playing field not levelled for investors from private and public sectors, (xiii) conflict of interest between ministry and utility, (xiv) lack of consumers’ participation and empowerment, (xv) absence of performance based utility evaluation, (xvi) unfair fuel and electricity pricing and (xvii) incapable regulatory body. Unless the system is somewhat automated, it is not possible to face the said situations and ensure least cost electricity supply and fair pricing of electricity to the consumers.

To achieve the goals of least electricity cost system in Bangladesh, a web-based application with different stakeholder’s participation is envisioned. The web application must have the information regarding various costs involve in generation, transmission and distribution. Generation cost depends on different types of cost parameters such as fuel cost, non-fuel cost, used technology, investment strategy as well as utilization of generation capacity. Fuel cost depends on the fuel mix plan used for electricity generation. Fuels such as gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), high speed diesel (HSD), heavy fuel oil (HFO), coal, hydro and renewable have different prices and when these are mixed in different ratios for generation, the fuel cost changes accordingly. Fuel cost per unit electricity generation of a plant also depends on the technology used. In addition, for electricity generation cost, the investment strategy also plays a vital role. The generation cost depends on investment nature and energy efficiency of the plant. It may be a public investment (in break even or cost plus mode and equity or build–operate–transfer (BOT) basis). Alternatively, it could be a private investment (under independent power producer (IPP), small independent power producer (SIPP), rental power plant (RPP), quick rental power plant (QRPP), and Merchant Power Producer (MPP) policies); even it may be joint venture investment (between governments, between governments and private, and between private companies). The transmission cost depends on the cost of transmission loss, depreciation cost for transmission asset, manpower cost, repair and maintenance cost, overhead administrative cost as well as interest of bank loan, rate of return and capacity utilization of transmission line. There tail electricity tariff equity maintains against consumer class irrespective of distribution utilities. Nevertheless, bulk electricity tariff varies from distribution utility to utility. The electricity distribution charge depends on the costs of system loss in distribution, depreciation cost for distribution asset, manpower cost, repair and maintenance cost, overhead administrative cost, cost of investment in distribution, rate of return and also on the nature of consumer classes mix and capacity utilization of distribution line. The revenue comes from electricity sale, subsidy and income from other sources of utilities.

In Bangladesh, the total installed capacity is 15,953 MW (excluding captive power) as of June 2018, where public sector contribution is 8845 MW (50 plants) and private sector is 7108 MW (85 plants). The public owned transmission company named PGCB is wheeling of electrical energy from generation companies to distribution entities utilizing transmission network. Transmission lines of the company up to June 2018 stands at 698 circuit km of 400 kV lines, 3343 circuit km of 230 kV lines and 6995 circuit km of 132 kV lines. In addition, the country has one 400 kV Station, three 400/230kV substation, one 400/132kV substation, nineteen 230/132 kV substation and ninety-six 132/33 kV substations. On the other hand, approximately, 47% of total electricity (about 55 billion unit) is distributed to rural population through 82 “Polly Bidyut Somitee” (PBS) under Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board (BREB). Government owned distribution utilities, such as Dhaka Electric Supply Company Limited (DESCO), Dhaka Power Distribution Company Limited (DPDC), West Zone Power Distribution Company Limited (WZPDC), Northern Electricity Supply Company Limited (NESCO) and Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) distribute rest of the electricity to the people reside in different upazillas, districts, divisions and capital city. These utilities distribute electricity to the consumers by importing electricity at its different designated centres from national grid and local private power producers. Each centre distributes electricity to all classes of consumers under its respective jurisdiction at different voltage levels.

Related Work
There are several studies in the literature highlighted on web-based energy management system (EMS) and automation in different aspects of energy systems. Rasool et al., (2015) conducted a systematic literature reviews to find different solutions for electricity management globally and determined requirements for a new electricity management system. The study finds although the software contribution in energy system management is significant, most of the work is limited in its scope. The authors feel it needs to develop a generic electricity management system that can be customizable and used as generic solution. Eren et al, (2017) described a ubiquitous Web-based dispatcher information system that deployed on the Turkish electricity transmission grid. The developed system has additional facilities to produce load forecasts and track long-term investment plans for grid-connected electricity. Bartalos et al. (2016) discussed cloud computing to leverage of power availability, reduce energy organization’s overall energy costs and improve energy efficiency in an energy system. Marinakis et al, (2013) developed an integrated system for buildings’ energy-efficient automation in Greece. Fuchs et al.(2016) presented workflow automation for combined modeling of buildings and district energy systems. The study results show that the automation approach is suited to evaluate options for improving district energy system, ranging from improved operation to changes in system design, and a combination of both. Figueiredo and Martins (2010) presented a building automation system where the energy demand is fully integrated with the energy generation system. An optimization method for determining automation rate in nuclear power plants proposed by Lee et al. (2016). The study expects that the proposed method would help in introducing automation with assurance of the best human performances for nuclear power plants.

As Rasool et al. (2015) pointed out most of the energy management system (EMS) is limited in scope and many relevant software discussed in the literature did not find its way to actual implementation. One needs to implement the EMS project at a large scale to evaluate its true benefit. No study provides information in terms of project magnitude, cost and overall project benefits to the stakeholders especially consumers. Through the proposed model, capacity development both in professional level and in academic level will be achieved. This will ensure (i) knowledge transfer, (ii) required skill development and (iii) finally technology transfer. In addition, the literature mainly presented energy management system, not energy cost management. The policy and planning for electricity supply cost management, which is one of the end goals, is far wider scope than any other EMS presented in the literature. Some literatures proposed demand side management i.e. consumer’s participation in energy management, but it is not clear how a society would change its intention, attitude and behaviour in terms of energy usage [Halder et al. 2016].

Although energy usage in a society is usually considered as an indicator for economic growth, it is also important to bring awareness to the mass consumer base about energy efficiency and conservation in order to save social as well as environmental ecology [Naess, A. & Sessions, G. (1984)., Rosa et al. (1988)]. Besides aiding in energy policy and planning, the goal is to bring consumer’s awareness and consumer’s participation in electricity usage and cost management at a national level. From the research conducted, it is believed that there is a lack of study and capacity to design and deploy a comprehensive web-based electricity cost model in Bangladesh, which is crucial to find least cost electricity options. Here Bangladeshis selected for model validation.

Approach
Currently there is no web infrastructure to automate the calculation and analysis of the generation, transmission and distribution costs. The process of data collection and analysis is still manual and therefore error prone. Automation in this sector through web application would not only ease the duty of the administrators and ensure transparency of the sector, it would also ensure less error in calculation and analysis. A number of data is required to perform the analysis. The datais grouped into two categories – (i) static data – the data that do not change over time (ii) periodic data – change over monthly, yearly, or even time-to-time. The analysis will include cost benefit analysis including area of expenses and losses in electricity generation, transmission and distribution. The overall system architecture of the Web Electricity Cost Model (W-ECM) is shown in Figure 1 below.

As a first step, a reference/demo web application for one “Polly Bidyut Somitee (PBS)”, one public and one private power plant will be developed that can be later customized and scaled for other PBSs together with other transmission and distribution utilities and public- private power plants. Finally, a central web infrastructure will be available including each power plant, transmission and distribution web in order to provide web-based electricity cost model in Bangladesh. The main objective is to be able to perform detailed analysis of electricity generation, transmission and distribution cost dynamically which will empower the administration to have proper planning and develop policies at a low cost. Energy audit and routine management would be possible without significant overhead cost. The system will be transparent to all stakeholders – from suppliers to consumers.

Benefits
In recent years, energy efficiency and renewable energy are gaining lots of attention worldwide due to the environmental concerns and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels. Besides evaluating the cost model of the renewable energy electricity supply, it is also possible to evaluate the environmental cost e.g. the amount of greenhouse gas emission from electricity supply chain. This information can be vital for setting long term goals as well as energy policy formulation. Modeling and what-if scenario analysis can be accommodated by the proposed web-based application. As mentioned earlier, there are different classes of stakeholders namely, the administrator, the policy maker, the regulator and the consumer. These four classes of users will use the web application in different manner. For consumer, regulator and policy maker, the web application will provide interface and more importantly the analytical component help making decisions. For example, a consumer can decide based on his/her current electricity bill and appliances used – how energy can be saved and bill can be minimized. On the other hand, a policy maker can decide what type of fuel mix plan to be accepted, machine & equipment and technology selection may lower down the energy supply cost and be more environment friendly. The administrator’s job is to comply with policy maker while making sure consumers’ interest and rights are protected. The administrator also ensures levelled playing field for the investors. The regulator on the other hand ensures administrator’s job is in compliance with policy as well as regulatory directions. In addition, the web-based cost management model will have a great contribution in educating the consumer and empowering them to participate in energy sector development. The consumers will be able to access data and visualize their energy consumption pattern using the proposed web-based application. This will allow them to think wisely and proactively change their behaviour and attitude towards energy consumption. This will have a positive impact in ensuring energy conservation and replacement of fossil fuel based energy by renewable energy. Also, the web application will empower them to raise their voice against unfair energy pricing and unusual increasing of energy supply cost. This application will serve Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission (BERC), Department of National Consumer Right Protection (DNCRP) and Consumers Association of Bangladesh (CAB) to protect consumers’ right and interest under BERC as well as DNCRP Acts. Enhancing consumers’ knowledgebase through web can be extremely powerful in bringing revolution in energy sector development. To consumers, it is of great value to gain knowledge about different aspects of energy e.g. energy efficient appliances, general energy consumption pattern, peak hours, different tariff slabs and their implications. Through the web application, users will be able to visualize their present energy consumption and cost pattern as well as anticipate the future consumption and cost based on past data.

Therefore, the proposed web-based model application once fully developed will become an essential tool for different stakeholders in energy sector.

Project Objectives
W-ECM project has four main objectives. In order to automate activities in different sectors in Bangladesh, web applications and mobile apps can play a significant role. Selection of programming language, tools, framework for both such web applications and mobile app is crucial to find out low-cost solution in terms of tool development and support. During the initial phases, different technologies will be tried out to select a set of tools and programming languages for this and similar application development in future. Technology selection is therefore the first objective of this project. Moreover capacity building through this project is also important to build local expertise and maintain such digitization and automation activities in energy and other sectors. Capacity building is the second objective. Development of advanced analytics for the electricity cost modeling application is the third objective of this project. Finally, developing a comprehensive database and the end to end web application for different types of users is the final objective of this project. All four objectives are discussed in details below.

1. Research on Web application and mobile application development Technology
One of the objectives of this project is to identify a low-cost web development and hosting solution which would allow one to develop similar applications and support it at a low cost in future. Besides the W-ECM web development, mobile app development activities will be conducted using two leading technologies in the pilot project phase. Mobile apps are becoming a popular trend as it provides a light-weight application solution for mobile app user. The mobile app will have a subset of features of the W-ECM and will be used mainly for viewing important data. It is understood that because of lack of exposure and training, the latest technology is not always adopted in Bangladesh while developing enterprise application like W-ECM. In this project, two web applications will be developed using two different technologies – one with main development activities in Bangladesh and one in Canada. In the course of the development several metrics such as usability, code development time and effort, reusability factor, defects found etc. will be identified and compared for the applications developed using two different technologies. The barriers in technology adoption and ways to overcome them will be investigated.

In Canada, “ASP .Net Core” framework will be used with C# programming language at the back-end. Front end will be developed using Razor pages and Java script libraries. These technologies are relatively new but has a number of advantages including fast development time, better performance and therefore better user experience, portability and many built in security features. For the database, MySQL or Postgres-SQL will be used. For Mobile App development, Xamarin would be the first choice in terms of framework. Some of the advantages of using Xamarin is that the same toolset, .Net library and knowledge can be reused resulting in a faster development time, more reusable and maintainable code. The other advantage of using Xamarin is the development can be done with 90% shared code for three different mobile platforms – iPhone, Android and Windows universal phone.

In Bangladesh a well-established open source called LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP) technology will be used for the web development. Being around for a long time and as an open source web platform, the demand for web developers with this skillset is very high in Bangladesh. Since one of the key objectives of this project is capacity building, this selection would be more attractive option for students who wants to get employment in local market. Similarly, for mobile app development, native language Java for Android and XCode for ios App will be used. The following table shows a comparison of the two sets of technology planned for W-ECM project.

2. Development of highly qualified personnel (HQP) in academia and highly skilled
professionals in energy and IT sector.
This project is aimed directly at the training of highly qualified personnel. One of the main objectives is to build institutional and professional capacity in Bangladesh in information and communication as well as in power sector. Over the period of first five years, this project aims to train a total of 2Ph.Ds., 4 Masters as well as 300 professionals in different roles such as software engineer, IT support, database administrator, data entry operator, electrical engineer as well as data scientist. The plan is to train16 4-th year undergraduate students per term who will do a project and train on the ECM and related topics. These professionals will be involved in developing, deploying and supporting the proposed web application and will become trainers for subsequent phases and future projects of similar nature. This project goal is depicted in Figure 2 below. The students working on this research & development project will gain rich knowledge and diverse skill sets in system modeling, cost management, optimization algorithms, prediction models, software engineering including requirement capture, software architecture, web application development, cloud computing and many other engineering skill-sets. They will also be working on state-of-the-art skills in deploying web application, cloud systems and cost management model for one of the critical sectors in Bangladesh. Furthermore, they will have opportunities to interact with professionals of developed countries and participate in industry-oriented research. The HQP will not only get strong research training but also will acquire essential soft skills required by the industry such as team-building, networking, communication and leadership skills.

Once this project becomes successful, the trained individuals can spread the knowledge and develop similar projects for other sectors in Bangladesh. This project aligns well in realizing Government’s initiative of “Digital Bangladesh”.

 

3. Development of analytics for electricity cost model for electricity supply chain
In order to achieve a smart cost management model for electricity supply chain, it is necessary to theoretically develop a number of analytics into the application. These analytics involve predictive modeling as well as optimization algorithms to obtain low cost energy system both in terms of financial and environmental. The algorithms must be first developed and validated using sample dataset before they can be included in the web application. Since the electricity supply cost across each segment has many input parameters and some of them are dependent on each other, a multi-input and multi-objective optimization algorithm would be beneficial for finding the optimum solution. In addition, load prediction, cost prediction and scenario analysis for consumer, administrator, regulator and policy maker would be very useful. This objective is divided into the following sub-objectives:

1.1 Identification of electricity cost model’s input and output parameters, their units, ranges, typical values
1.2 Development of language to define the cost management model and scenario under which the cost management model will be applied
1.3 Development of optimization algorithms to find out low cost electricity supply chain where the cost could be either financial and/or environmental
1.4 Development of load and cost prediction models

4. Development of the web application to achieve the proposed model
Under this objective design and develop of a web application which will allow user to input different types of data (model parameters) and perform analysis will be done. For administrator and consumers, this would also allow them to query and view different data in various formats (line graph, bar chart, pie chart, etc.). The challenges in designing the web application involve ensuring user friendliness and accommodating the time consuming analytics. Also, web technology is changing rapidly. In order to make it different browser compatible and exploit the power of web application fully, advanced technology will have to be incorporated. A comprehensive design of the web application will be done with extreme caution so that it is modular and can be debugged and maintained easily. This challenging objective requires proper skillset, detailed planning and carefully streamlining various stakeholders’ input.

Project Roadmap
The project is divided into three major phases as shown in Figure 3 below. The first two phases are development and data collection phase. The last phase is dedicated for mass deployment, knowledge transfer and smart meter integration. The first phase of the project is the most critical as it proves the concept of the web based electricity cost model. This phase will be self-funded by the core team members and with additional in-kind support from Daffodils International University. Second phase will be conducted as a pilot project with two power plants, two distribution systems, two Mini-grid systems, two segments of transmission lines. Data from these entities will be collected for validating the data input, data query, data presentation and advanced analytics module as they get developed in Phase II.

Project Activities and Team
This project will have two main engineering teams – one in Bangladesh and one in Canada. A close and effective collaboration between these two teams will bring the project success. The major activities and the involving teams are shown in Figure 4below. Details of the teams, action plan and budget are provided in “Annex-A – Team Expertise”, “Annex-B: Action Plan” and Annex-C: Budget.

Expected Results
“Digital Bangladesh” is an initiative taken by the present Government of Bangladesh. The proposed model for migrating the operation of one of the vital sectors i.e. the energy sector in Bangladesh to cloud through web application is an innovative and bold step towards “Digital Bangladesh”. Upon successful completion of the project, it is expected that about 90% of the energy sector’s data can be automatically captured and reported for management and operation through the proposed Web ECM application. By migrating to the web platform and by having capability to analyze the field data, the target of least environmental and electricity supply cost model will be achieved. Also throughout the project, highly qualified personnel and skilled IT professionals will be developed who will not only support the model development, will also be able to develop similar models in other sectors in Bangladesh. This project will be a model for undertaking any large project with bigger impact as it develops required skill-set and ensures effective technology transfer that starts with knowledge transfer as the project progresses. It is expected that the close collaboration with the Canadian team will allow learning and building confidence in undertaking similar projects in Bangladesh with minimal technical and financial support from foreign countries in future. The application developed in this project will bring transparency, increase efficiency, improve productivity in entire electricity supply chain and allow consumers to be more energy aware as well as aid policy planners to develop energy economic policies for the country in coming years.

 

Dr. M. Shamsul Alam
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Daffodil International University and
Energy Advisor, Consumers Association of Bangladesh (CAB)

Dr. Marzia Zaman
Senior System Engineer, e-POWER
Walter Light Hall, Room 108, 19 Union Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6
Canada

References
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Eren, S., Küçük, D., Ünlüer, C., Demircioğlu, M., Yanık, Y., Arslan, Y., Özsoy, B., Güverçinci, A.H., Elma, İ., Tanıdır, Ö., Ölmez, Y.C., Sönmez, S., 2017. A ubiquitous Web-based dispatcher information system for effective monitoring and analysis of the electricity transmission grid. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 86, 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.10.006.

Figueiredo, J., Martins, J., 2010. Energy Production System Management – Renewable energy power supply integration with Building Automation System. Energy Convers. Manag. 51, 1120–1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.12.020.

Fuchs, M., Teichmann, J., Lauster, M., Remmen, P., Streblow, R., Müller, D., 2016. Workflow automation for combined modeling of buildings and district energy systems. Energy 117, 478–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.04.023.

Halder P, Pietarinen J, Havu-nuutinen S et al (2016) The theory of planned behavior model and students’ intentions to use bioenergy: a cross-cultural perspective. Renew Energy 89:627–635.

Lee, S.M., Kim, J.H., Kim, M.C., Seong, P.H., 2016. Optimization of automation: III. Development of optimization method for determining automation rate in nuclear power plants. Ann. Nucl. Energy 95, 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2016.04.047

Marinakis, V., Doukas, H., Karakosta, C., Psarras, J., 2013. An integrated system for buildings’ energy-efficient automation: Application in the tertiary sector. Appl. Energy 101, 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.05.032.

Naess, A. & Sessions, G. (1984). Basic Principles of Deep Ecology. The Anarchist Library. Retrieved from https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/arne-naess-and-george-sessions-basic-principles-of-deep-ecology on March 19, 2018.

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Glossary

BOT              Build Operate Transfer
BERC           Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission
BPDB           Bangladesh Power Development Board
BREB           Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board
CAB              Consumers Association of Bangladesh
DESCO         Dhaka Electric Supply Company Limited
DNCRP        Department of National Consumer Right Protection
DPDC           Dhaka Power Distribution Company Limited
ECM             Electricity cost Model
EE                 Energy Efficiency
HFO              Heavy Fuel Oil
HSD              High Speed Diesel
IPP                Independent Power Producer
LNG              Liquefied Natural Gas
NESCO         Northern Electricity Supply Company Limited
PBS               Polly Bidyut Somitee
PGCB            Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Limited
QRPP            Quick Rental Power Plant
RE                 Renewable Energy
RPP               Rental Power Plant
SIPP              Small Independent Power Producer
WZPDC        West Zone Power Distribution Company Limited

Annex A: Team Expertise

Dr. M. Shamsul Alam
Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Daffodil International University
AND Energy Advisor
Consumers Association of Bangladesh (CAB) Bangladesh
Dr. Alam is the principal investigator of this project. His role includes but not limited to organizing the team, project planning, liaison between the stakeholders and team members of this project. He is also the subject matter expert in energy economics and therefore will be a key person in capturing the requirements of the web application. In collaboration with Dr. Zaman, he will supervise the graduate and undergraduate students working on this project.

Dr. Alam has a decorated career life of over 36 years. He holds his B.Sc, M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Electrical and Electronic Engineering and started his teaching career since 1982. Throughout his career, he has served as Departmental Head, Energy Institute Director and Faculty Dean in different universities including at his current workplace in Daffodil International University, Bangladesh. Besides teaching, Dr. Alam is a national energy expert in Bangladesh and has appeared in many energy policy discussions and debates through electronic and printed media. He has been working as reviewer of Renewable Energy Journal since 2014. Dr. Alam is an Energy Advisor for Consumers Association of Bangladesh since 2007.

Dr. Marzia Zaman
Senior System Engineer
e-POWER
Walter Light Hall, Room 108 19 Union Street
Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 CANADA
Dr. Zaman is the software architect and one of the main software developers in this project. She will also closely interact with the team in Bangladesh to capture requirements and train the IT professionals in developing and deploying the web based application. She will lead the team in Canada for web development activities. Dr. Zaman holds Master’s and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada. She is currently working at e-Power lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Canada as a senior system engineer. In her current position, she is closely working with industry partner and managing the software development project for a Nano-grid Solar PV system. In the past she has designed and developed a web based remote monitoring application for residential Solar PV system. The web application development was part of research projection renewable energy funded by Ontario Research Fund, Ontario, Canada. The software is operational and serving SPARQ Microsystems to manage their customers’ residential micro-inverter based Solar-PV system. She was also involved in developing a mobile app for monitoring and payment of a standalone Solar-PV system that is currently under field trial in Uganda. During her 22 years of career in software and IT industry, she worked on many start-up companies and developed software applications as well as managed many R&D projects in different areas including software engineering, voice over IP, renewable energy, cloud computing.

Dr. Marcio Almeida
700 Silver Seven Road, Ottawa, ON
Canada, K2V 1C3, Canada
Dr. Almeida will be involved in developing cost optimization, load and cost prediction algorithms as well as other required advanced analytics. He will be also instrumental in capturing the software requirements and providing continuous consulting support to the software development team in Canada.

Dr. Almeida holds Master’s in Computer Networks and Ph.D. in Computer Science from Salvador University and Sao Paulo University, Brazil, respectively. He has over 15 years of working experience in R&D. He is currently working as a Data Scientist at Kinaxis, Kanata, Canada. He has developed many web-based applications for different clients. During his career life at Cistel Technology, Ottawa, Canada, he was involved in developing a web-based application for remotely monitoring and controlling residential Solar-PV system. The system is used by SPARQ Microsystems for managing their customers’ Solar-PV energy systems. He has also developed a web-based application for customer experience management on mobile devices. Dr. Almeidahas a strong background and working experience in software architecture, web technology, machine learning and computer networks. Throughout his career life, Dr. Almedia has been a key resource to his organization and mentored many junior engineers and his co-workers.

Dr. Alam Hossain Mondal
Associate Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Daffodil International University
Bangladesh
Dr. Mondal will be responsible for developing the operational model of the web application. He will work closely with Dr. Zaman and Dr. Alam to transfer knowledge and build a team of trainees in Bangladesh. Dr. Mondal will be also responsible for supervising the students working in this project. Dr. Mondal’s career life started in 1997 after his bachelor degree in Electrical Engineering. Later he earned his MSc. and Ph.D degrees from University of Flensburg, Germany and University of Bonn, Germany, respectively. He has been worked as a Research Fellow in Environment & Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington DC, USA. He was responsible for leading the IFPRI’s energy programs that include national and regional energy strategy development, policy advice and dialogue, capacity development and thought leadership on energy. He has been conducting research on long-term energy policy design to improve energy security, access to modern energy and mitigate GHG emissions from energy sector. Prior to his employment in IFPRI, he has been involved in many research institutes in Canada, United Arab Emirate, Germany and Bangladesh. He has authored and co-authored numerous papers in reputed journals and conferences.

M. A. Razzaque Rupom
CEO and Head of Development
OS CLiCKS
Razzaque Rupom is the technical leader for the software development team in Bangladesh. Rupom has many years of web development experience. After graduating in Computer Science and Engineering in 2004, he started his career in Quantum Cloud – a software development company in Bangladesh. Since 2004, he has worked in many software companies – mainly involved in database design and web development. In 2015, he started his own company OS CLiCKS where he works as the head of the development. Rupom has successfully completed many web application development projects for his clients both in Bangladesh and overseas. He is proficient in many software languages including but not limited to ASP .NET, PHP, MySQL, node.js. Over the years, Rupom has developed 500 Plus (500+) Business Management, Content Management System (CMS), and E-commerce Web Applications and also contributed to more than 400 other websites/applications. He has eleven (11) research publications in international conferences. These include both theoretical and practical innovations in different fields of Computer Science and Information Technology.

In addition to the above key team members, a number of professional engineers and academic researchers will be involved in the data collection, data entry, software development, software testing, data analysis and deployment of the web based ECM.

As mentioned in the proposal, professional capacity building is one of the key objectives of this project. A board will be formed with the core team members who will select qualified candidates from the capacity-building program under the project to work on the actual development.

In Team Bangladesh all engineers identified to work on this project will be on training to build capacity at professional and academic level for supporting the application developed in this project and develop similar applications in future projects.

 

 

(সার সংক্ষেপ)
বিদ্যুৎ সরবরাহ ব্যয় বিশ্লেষণে
ওয়েব মডেল

সরকার সর্বস্তরে ডিজিটাল প্রযুক্তি ব্যবহারের উদ্যোগ নিয়েছে। এ-উদ্যোগ বাংলাদেশের সার্বিক উন্নয়নের জন্য জরুরী ও সময় উপযোগী। জ্বালানী ও বিদ্যুৎ খাত ব্যবস্থাপনায় ডিজিটাল প্রযুক্তির ব্যবহার নতুন নয়। তবে জ্বালানী ও বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদন, সঞ্চালন এবং বিতরণে স্বচ্ছতা নিশ্চিত করার লক্ষ্যে ওয়েব এপ্লিকেশনের মাধ্যমে বিদ্যুৎ ও জ্বালানী সরবরাহ ব্যয়ের সকল পর্যায়ের নানা তথ্য সংগ্রহ, সংরক্ষণ ও যথাযথ ব্যবহার হলে বাংলাদেশের প্রেক্ষিতে তা হবে একটি নতুন ও দরকারি পদক্ষেপ।

সেই লক্ষ্যে ওয়েব এপ্লিকেশনভিত্তিক একটি মডেল প্রস্তাব করা হয়েছে। মডেলটি বাংলাদেশের বিদ্যুৎ ব্যবস্থাপনায় স্বচ্ছতা নিশ্চিতকরণে ব্যবহার হবে। মডেল সম্পর্কিত ধারণা তৈরী, কাঠামোগত পরিকল্পনা ও নির্মাণ এবং পরীক্ষামূলক প্রয়োগের মাধ্যমে মডেলের যথার্থতা নিশ্চিত করে ব্যবহার উপযোগী করা হয়েছে। অতঃপর মডেলটি পাইলট প্রকল্পে ব্যবহারের উদ্যোগ নেয়া হয়েছে। এ-প্রকল্পের উদ্দেশ্য: (১) বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদন, সঞ্চালন এবং বিতরণে যথাক্রমে ২টি বিদ্যুৎ প্ল্যান্ট, ২টি মিনি গ্রীড, ২টি সঞ্চালন সার্কিট এরং ২টি বিতরণ ইউনিটের ডাটাবেজ তৈরী করা, (২) মডেলে এই ডাটা ধারণ ও সংরক্ষণ করা এবং সংরক্ষিত ডাটা/তথ্য যেন স্বয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে বিশ্লেষণ হতে পারে, তেমনভাবে মডেলটি উপযোগী করে জাতীয় বিদ্যুৎ ব্যবস্থাপনায় ব্যবহারের জন্য প্রস্তুত করা, (৩) মডেল নির্মাণ, রক্ষণাবেক্ষণ এবং ব্যবহারে সক্ষম উচ্চ মানসম্মত জনবল তৈরী করা, (৪) এ-প্রকল্পের আওতায় মডেল নির্মাণ ও ব্যবহারভিত্তিক জ্ঞান ও প্রযু৩ি আয়ত্তে আনা এবং জাতীয় সক্ষমতা উন্নয়ন নিশ্চিত করা এবং (৫) বিদ্যুৎ খাত ছাড়াও জ্বালানী খাতসহ অন্যান্য খাতে ব্যবহার উপযোগী করে মডেলটি প্রস্তুত করা।

পুরো বিদ্যুৎ খাতকে উক্ত মডেলের আওতায় আনার আগে প্রথমে পাইলটভিত্তিতে মডেলটি বিদ্যুৎ ব্যবস্থাপনায় ব্যবহার উপযোগী করার উদ্যোগ নেয়া হয়েছে। ড্যাফোডিল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষার্থীরা এ-প্রকল্পে মূলত শ্রমশক্তি। তারা প্রথমে প্রকল্পের আওতায় প্রশিক্ষণ নেবে। পরে প্রকল্পের জনবলে পরিণত হবে। এ-প্রক্রিয়া অব্যাহত থাকবে। এ-প্রকল্পের মাধ্যমে বিদ্যুৎ সরবরাহের সকল পর্যায়ের ব্যয় বিশ্লেষণ ও নির্ধারণের নানা পদ্ধতি, ওয়েব এপ্লিকেশন তৈরীর নানা কৌশল ও প্রযুক্তি, মডেলের নানামুখী সেবা গ্রহণের লক্ষ্যে মোবাইল অ্যাপস তৈরীর নানা কৌশল ও প্রযুক্তি, মেশিন লার্নিং এবং ক্লাউড কম্পিউটিং-এর ওপর প্রশিক্ষণের ব্যবস্থা রয়েছে। এ-সব প্রশিক্ষণের মাধ্যমে একদিকে প্রশিক্ষিত জনবল তৈরী হবে, অন্যদিকে এ-সব জনবলের মাধ্যমে উল্লেখিত প্রশিক্ষণ কার্যক্রম দ্বারা মডেলটি তৈরী হবে এবং সে-মডেলে বিদ্যুতের সরবরাহ ব্যয়ভিত্তিক ডাটা বা তথ্য সংগ্রহ, সংরক্ষণ এবং স্বয়ংক্রিয় বিশ্লেষণ হবে।

অংশীজন : নীতি নির্ধারক, পরিকল্পনাকারী, নিয়ন্ত্রক সংস্থা, প্রশাসক, ব্যবস্থাপক, ইউটিলিটি এবং ভোক্তা স্ব স্ব চাহিদা মতে মোবাইল অ্যাপস-এর মাধ্যমে মডেলের সেবা নেবেন। তাতে একদিকে বিদ্যুৎ ব্যবস্থাপনায় যেমন স্বচ্ছতা নিশ্চিত হবে, অন্যদিকে তেমন নুন্যতম ব্যয়ে বিদ্যুৎ সরববাহ, জ্বালানী সংরক্ষণ ও দক্ষতা উন্নয়ন এবং বিদ্যুৎ সরবরাহ চেইনে উৎপাদন, সঞ্চালন, বিতরন ও বিপননে সমন্বয় ও সামঞ্জস ̈তা নিশ্চিত হবে। ফলে বিদ্যুৎ সেবার মানও উন্নয়ন হবে।

প্রকল্পের মেয়াদ ২ বছর। মেয়াদ শেষে প্রকল্পটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য ল্যাব ও প্রশিক্ষণ কেন্দ্র হিসেবে ব্যবহার হবে এবং দেশের সব বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য উন্মুক্ত থাকবে। তদুপরি মডেলটি জাতীয় বিদ্যুৎ ব্যবস্থাপনায় ব্যবহারের উদ্যোগ নেয়া হবে।

ওয়েব বেজড ইলেক্ট্রিসিটি কস্ট মডেলিং প্রজেক্ট
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Web Based Electricity Cost Model

আপডেট সময় ০৯:২৪:৫৬ পূর্বাহ্ন, বুধবার, ২০ নভেম্বর ২০২৪

Summary
Bangladesh is going through phases of digital automation in order to save time, cost, space and energy. However, due to lack of skilled resource and proper policy planning, the speed of automation is not yet as expected. Understanding the system level requirements and developing a user-friendly application is also not a trivial task.

Many applications in Bangladesh require automation. Automation provides centralized data required for proper management of a system and ensures easy access of the data to all stakeholders. Electricity and primary energy supply chain require a close integration, which can be realized through web-based management. It is worth mentioning here that in this proposal the word electricity and energy are used interchangeably. Emphasis is made on electricity, as this is the most versatile final and usable form of energy today. At present, more than 50% of the total commercial energy used in Bangladesh is electricity. A web-based electricity cost model is a key to ensure least cost electricity supply, improvement of energy efficiency and low CO2 emission.

In Bangladesh (and many other developing countries), the electricity market is regulated. Due to lack of proper regulation, it is not possible to achieve the least cost energy supply. The only way to ensure proper regulation is through ensuring competition among investors as well as among utilities under independent regulatory body. In order to ensure perfect competition, the energy sector has to be levelled playing field, which is almost absent in Bangladesh due to incompetent regulatory body. The web-based application envisioned here would be effective in achieving that. In developed countries, there are many web-based applications in different public and private sectors, but to the best of our knowledge, there is no such application for managing the cost of electricity supply. Because, the electricity systems in the developed countries are entirely privatized, decentralized and deregulated, there is limited or no scope of such application there. The web application itself and the various analysis techniques proposed here are not new, but the overall model development for electricity cost through web is quite innovative.

Background
Today it is observed that the least cost electricity supply, energy efficiency improvement and CO2 emission reduction are not yet ensured due to (i) improper fuel mix for electricity generation, (ii) improper selection of power generation technology, (iii) irrational cost increasing at each segment of electricity supply chain, (iv) less energy and institutional efficiency at generation, transmission and distribution segments, (v) absence of competition at the said segments, (vi) lack of quality purchase of goods and services by the utilities, (vii) uneconomic expansion of electricity coverage area, (viii) no adoption of merit-order load dispatch principle, (ix) manually operated national load dispatch center, (x) improper investment strategy, (xi) adoption of renewable development and energy efficiency improvement programs without complying with power and energy sector development goal, (xii) the sector as a playing field not levelled for investors from private and public sectors, (xiii) conflict of interest between ministry and utility, (xiv) lack of consumers’ participation and empowerment, (xv) absence of performance based utility evaluation, (xvi) unfair fuel and electricity pricing and (xvii) incapable regulatory body. Unless the system is somewhat automated, it is not possible to face the said situations and ensure least cost electricity supply and fair pricing of electricity to the consumers.

To achieve the goals of least electricity cost system in Bangladesh, a web-based application with different stakeholder’s participation is envisioned. The web application must have the information regarding various costs involve in generation, transmission and distribution. Generation cost depends on different types of cost parameters such as fuel cost, non-fuel cost, used technology, investment strategy as well as utilization of generation capacity. Fuel cost depends on the fuel mix plan used for electricity generation. Fuels such as gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), high speed diesel (HSD), heavy fuel oil (HFO), coal, hydro and renewable have different prices and when these are mixed in different ratios for generation, the fuel cost changes accordingly. Fuel cost per unit electricity generation of a plant also depends on the technology used. In addition, for electricity generation cost, the investment strategy also plays a vital role. The generation cost depends on investment nature and energy efficiency of the plant. It may be a public investment (in break even or cost plus mode and equity or build–operate–transfer (BOT) basis). Alternatively, it could be a private investment (under independent power producer (IPP), small independent power producer (SIPP), rental power plant (RPP), quick rental power plant (QRPP), and Merchant Power Producer (MPP) policies); even it may be joint venture investment (between governments, between governments and private, and between private companies). The transmission cost depends on the cost of transmission loss, depreciation cost for transmission asset, manpower cost, repair and maintenance cost, overhead administrative cost as well as interest of bank loan, rate of return and capacity utilization of transmission line. There tail electricity tariff equity maintains against consumer class irrespective of distribution utilities. Nevertheless, bulk electricity tariff varies from distribution utility to utility. The electricity distribution charge depends on the costs of system loss in distribution, depreciation cost for distribution asset, manpower cost, repair and maintenance cost, overhead administrative cost, cost of investment in distribution, rate of return and also on the nature of consumer classes mix and capacity utilization of distribution line. The revenue comes from electricity sale, subsidy and income from other sources of utilities.

In Bangladesh, the total installed capacity is 15,953 MW (excluding captive power) as of June 2018, where public sector contribution is 8845 MW (50 plants) and private sector is 7108 MW (85 plants). The public owned transmission company named PGCB is wheeling of electrical energy from generation companies to distribution entities utilizing transmission network. Transmission lines of the company up to June 2018 stands at 698 circuit km of 400 kV lines, 3343 circuit km of 230 kV lines and 6995 circuit km of 132 kV lines. In addition, the country has one 400 kV Station, three 400/230kV substation, one 400/132kV substation, nineteen 230/132 kV substation and ninety-six 132/33 kV substations. On the other hand, approximately, 47% of total electricity (about 55 billion unit) is distributed to rural population through 82 “Polly Bidyut Somitee” (PBS) under Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board (BREB). Government owned distribution utilities, such as Dhaka Electric Supply Company Limited (DESCO), Dhaka Power Distribution Company Limited (DPDC), West Zone Power Distribution Company Limited (WZPDC), Northern Electricity Supply Company Limited (NESCO) and Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) distribute rest of the electricity to the people reside in different upazillas, districts, divisions and capital city. These utilities distribute electricity to the consumers by importing electricity at its different designated centres from national grid and local private power producers. Each centre distributes electricity to all classes of consumers under its respective jurisdiction at different voltage levels.

Related Work
There are several studies in the literature highlighted on web-based energy management system (EMS) and automation in different aspects of energy systems. Rasool et al., (2015) conducted a systematic literature reviews to find different solutions for electricity management globally and determined requirements for a new electricity management system. The study finds although the software contribution in energy system management is significant, most of the work is limited in its scope. The authors feel it needs to develop a generic electricity management system that can be customizable and used as generic solution. Eren et al, (2017) described a ubiquitous Web-based dispatcher information system that deployed on the Turkish electricity transmission grid. The developed system has additional facilities to produce load forecasts and track long-term investment plans for grid-connected electricity. Bartalos et al. (2016) discussed cloud computing to leverage of power availability, reduce energy organization’s overall energy costs and improve energy efficiency in an energy system. Marinakis et al, (2013) developed an integrated system for buildings’ energy-efficient automation in Greece. Fuchs et al.(2016) presented workflow automation for combined modeling of buildings and district energy systems. The study results show that the automation approach is suited to evaluate options for improving district energy system, ranging from improved operation to changes in system design, and a combination of both. Figueiredo and Martins (2010) presented a building automation system where the energy demand is fully integrated with the energy generation system. An optimization method for determining automation rate in nuclear power plants proposed by Lee et al. (2016). The study expects that the proposed method would help in introducing automation with assurance of the best human performances for nuclear power plants.

As Rasool et al. (2015) pointed out most of the energy management system (EMS) is limited in scope and many relevant software discussed in the literature did not find its way to actual implementation. One needs to implement the EMS project at a large scale to evaluate its true benefit. No study provides information in terms of project magnitude, cost and overall project benefits to the stakeholders especially consumers. Through the proposed model, capacity development both in professional level and in academic level will be achieved. This will ensure (i) knowledge transfer, (ii) required skill development and (iii) finally technology transfer. In addition, the literature mainly presented energy management system, not energy cost management. The policy and planning for electricity supply cost management, which is one of the end goals, is far wider scope than any other EMS presented in the literature. Some literatures proposed demand side management i.e. consumer’s participation in energy management, but it is not clear how a society would change its intention, attitude and behaviour in terms of energy usage [Halder et al. 2016].

Although energy usage in a society is usually considered as an indicator for economic growth, it is also important to bring awareness to the mass consumer base about energy efficiency and conservation in order to save social as well as environmental ecology [Naess, A. & Sessions, G. (1984)., Rosa et al. (1988)]. Besides aiding in energy policy and planning, the goal is to bring consumer’s awareness and consumer’s participation in electricity usage and cost management at a national level. From the research conducted, it is believed that there is a lack of study and capacity to design and deploy a comprehensive web-based electricity cost model in Bangladesh, which is crucial to find least cost electricity options. Here Bangladeshis selected for model validation.

Approach
Currently there is no web infrastructure to automate the calculation and analysis of the generation, transmission and distribution costs. The process of data collection and analysis is still manual and therefore error prone. Automation in this sector through web application would not only ease the duty of the administrators and ensure transparency of the sector, it would also ensure less error in calculation and analysis. A number of data is required to perform the analysis. The datais grouped into two categories – (i) static data – the data that do not change over time (ii) periodic data – change over monthly, yearly, or even time-to-time. The analysis will include cost benefit analysis including area of expenses and losses in electricity generation, transmission and distribution. The overall system architecture of the Web Electricity Cost Model (W-ECM) is shown in Figure 1 below.

As a first step, a reference/demo web application for one “Polly Bidyut Somitee (PBS)”, one public and one private power plant will be developed that can be later customized and scaled for other PBSs together with other transmission and distribution utilities and public- private power plants. Finally, a central web infrastructure will be available including each power plant, transmission and distribution web in order to provide web-based electricity cost model in Bangladesh. The main objective is to be able to perform detailed analysis of electricity generation, transmission and distribution cost dynamically which will empower the administration to have proper planning and develop policies at a low cost. Energy audit and routine management would be possible without significant overhead cost. The system will be transparent to all stakeholders – from suppliers to consumers.

Benefits
In recent years, energy efficiency and renewable energy are gaining lots of attention worldwide due to the environmental concerns and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels. Besides evaluating the cost model of the renewable energy electricity supply, it is also possible to evaluate the environmental cost e.g. the amount of greenhouse gas emission from electricity supply chain. This information can be vital for setting long term goals as well as energy policy formulation. Modeling and what-if scenario analysis can be accommodated by the proposed web-based application. As mentioned earlier, there are different classes of stakeholders namely, the administrator, the policy maker, the regulator and the consumer. These four classes of users will use the web application in different manner. For consumer, regulator and policy maker, the web application will provide interface and more importantly the analytical component help making decisions. For example, a consumer can decide based on his/her current electricity bill and appliances used – how energy can be saved and bill can be minimized. On the other hand, a policy maker can decide what type of fuel mix plan to be accepted, machine & equipment and technology selection may lower down the energy supply cost and be more environment friendly. The administrator’s job is to comply with policy maker while making sure consumers’ interest and rights are protected. The administrator also ensures levelled playing field for the investors. The regulator on the other hand ensures administrator’s job is in compliance with policy as well as regulatory directions. In addition, the web-based cost management model will have a great contribution in educating the consumer and empowering them to participate in energy sector development. The consumers will be able to access data and visualize their energy consumption pattern using the proposed web-based application. This will allow them to think wisely and proactively change their behaviour and attitude towards energy consumption. This will have a positive impact in ensuring energy conservation and replacement of fossil fuel based energy by renewable energy. Also, the web application will empower them to raise their voice against unfair energy pricing and unusual increasing of energy supply cost. This application will serve Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission (BERC), Department of National Consumer Right Protection (DNCRP) and Consumers Association of Bangladesh (CAB) to protect consumers’ right and interest under BERC as well as DNCRP Acts. Enhancing consumers’ knowledgebase through web can be extremely powerful in bringing revolution in energy sector development. To consumers, it is of great value to gain knowledge about different aspects of energy e.g. energy efficient appliances, general energy consumption pattern, peak hours, different tariff slabs and their implications. Through the web application, users will be able to visualize their present energy consumption and cost pattern as well as anticipate the future consumption and cost based on past data.

Therefore, the proposed web-based model application once fully developed will become an essential tool for different stakeholders in energy sector.

Project Objectives
W-ECM project has four main objectives. In order to automate activities in different sectors in Bangladesh, web applications and mobile apps can play a significant role. Selection of programming language, tools, framework for both such web applications and mobile app is crucial to find out low-cost solution in terms of tool development and support. During the initial phases, different technologies will be tried out to select a set of tools and programming languages for this and similar application development in future. Technology selection is therefore the first objective of this project. Moreover capacity building through this project is also important to build local expertise and maintain such digitization and automation activities in energy and other sectors. Capacity building is the second objective. Development of advanced analytics for the electricity cost modeling application is the third objective of this project. Finally, developing a comprehensive database and the end to end web application for different types of users is the final objective of this project. All four objectives are discussed in details below.

1. Research on Web application and mobile application development Technology
One of the objectives of this project is to identify a low-cost web development and hosting solution which would allow one to develop similar applications and support it at a low cost in future. Besides the W-ECM web development, mobile app development activities will be conducted using two leading technologies in the pilot project phase. Mobile apps are becoming a popular trend as it provides a light-weight application solution for mobile app user. The mobile app will have a subset of features of the W-ECM and will be used mainly for viewing important data. It is understood that because of lack of exposure and training, the latest technology is not always adopted in Bangladesh while developing enterprise application like W-ECM. In this project, two web applications will be developed using two different technologies – one with main development activities in Bangladesh and one in Canada. In the course of the development several metrics such as usability, code development time and effort, reusability factor, defects found etc. will be identified and compared for the applications developed using two different technologies. The barriers in technology adoption and ways to overcome them will be investigated.

In Canada, “ASP .Net Core” framework will be used with C# programming language at the back-end. Front end will be developed using Razor pages and Java script libraries. These technologies are relatively new but has a number of advantages including fast development time, better performance and therefore better user experience, portability and many built in security features. For the database, MySQL or Postgres-SQL will be used. For Mobile App development, Xamarin would be the first choice in terms of framework. Some of the advantages of using Xamarin is that the same toolset, .Net library and knowledge can be reused resulting in a faster development time, more reusable and maintainable code. The other advantage of using Xamarin is the development can be done with 90% shared code for three different mobile platforms – iPhone, Android and Windows universal phone.

In Bangladesh a well-established open source called LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP) technology will be used for the web development. Being around for a long time and as an open source web platform, the demand for web developers with this skillset is very high in Bangladesh. Since one of the key objectives of this project is capacity building, this selection would be more attractive option for students who wants to get employment in local market. Similarly, for mobile app development, native language Java for Android and XCode for ios App will be used. The following table shows a comparison of the two sets of technology planned for W-ECM project.

2. Development of highly qualified personnel (HQP) in academia and highly skilled
professionals in energy and IT sector.
This project is aimed directly at the training of highly qualified personnel. One of the main objectives is to build institutional and professional capacity in Bangladesh in information and communication as well as in power sector. Over the period of first five years, this project aims to train a total of 2Ph.Ds., 4 Masters as well as 300 professionals in different roles such as software engineer, IT support, database administrator, data entry operator, electrical engineer as well as data scientist. The plan is to train16 4-th year undergraduate students per term who will do a project and train on the ECM and related topics. These professionals will be involved in developing, deploying and supporting the proposed web application and will become trainers for subsequent phases and future projects of similar nature. This project goal is depicted in Figure 2 below. The students working on this research & development project will gain rich knowledge and diverse skill sets in system modeling, cost management, optimization algorithms, prediction models, software engineering including requirement capture, software architecture, web application development, cloud computing and many other engineering skill-sets. They will also be working on state-of-the-art skills in deploying web application, cloud systems and cost management model for one of the critical sectors in Bangladesh. Furthermore, they will have opportunities to interact with professionals of developed countries and participate in industry-oriented research. The HQP will not only get strong research training but also will acquire essential soft skills required by the industry such as team-building, networking, communication and leadership skills.

Once this project becomes successful, the trained individuals can spread the knowledge and develop similar projects for other sectors in Bangladesh. This project aligns well in realizing Government’s initiative of “Digital Bangladesh”.

 

3. Development of analytics for electricity cost model for electricity supply chain
In order to achieve a smart cost management model for electricity supply chain, it is necessary to theoretically develop a number of analytics into the application. These analytics involve predictive modeling as well as optimization algorithms to obtain low cost energy system both in terms of financial and environmental. The algorithms must be first developed and validated using sample dataset before they can be included in the web application. Since the electricity supply cost across each segment has many input parameters and some of them are dependent on each other, a multi-input and multi-objective optimization algorithm would be beneficial for finding the optimum solution. In addition, load prediction, cost prediction and scenario analysis for consumer, administrator, regulator and policy maker would be very useful. This objective is divided into the following sub-objectives:

1.1 Identification of electricity cost model’s input and output parameters, their units, ranges, typical values
1.2 Development of language to define the cost management model and scenario under which the cost management model will be applied
1.3 Development of optimization algorithms to find out low cost electricity supply chain where the cost could be either financial and/or environmental
1.4 Development of load and cost prediction models

4. Development of the web application to achieve the proposed model
Under this objective design and develop of a web application which will allow user to input different types of data (model parameters) and perform analysis will be done. For administrator and consumers, this would also allow them to query and view different data in various formats (line graph, bar chart, pie chart, etc.). The challenges in designing the web application involve ensuring user friendliness and accommodating the time consuming analytics. Also, web technology is changing rapidly. In order to make it different browser compatible and exploit the power of web application fully, advanced technology will have to be incorporated. A comprehensive design of the web application will be done with extreme caution so that it is modular and can be debugged and maintained easily. This challenging objective requires proper skillset, detailed planning and carefully streamlining various stakeholders’ input.

Project Roadmap
The project is divided into three major phases as shown in Figure 3 below. The first two phases are development and data collection phase. The last phase is dedicated for mass deployment, knowledge transfer and smart meter integration. The first phase of the project is the most critical as it proves the concept of the web based electricity cost model. This phase will be self-funded by the core team members and with additional in-kind support from Daffodils International University. Second phase will be conducted as a pilot project with two power plants, two distribution systems, two Mini-grid systems, two segments of transmission lines. Data from these entities will be collected for validating the data input, data query, data presentation and advanced analytics module as they get developed in Phase II.

Project Activities and Team
This project will have two main engineering teams – one in Bangladesh and one in Canada. A close and effective collaboration between these two teams will bring the project success. The major activities and the involving teams are shown in Figure 4below. Details of the teams, action plan and budget are provided in “Annex-A – Team Expertise”, “Annex-B: Action Plan” and Annex-C: Budget.

Expected Results
“Digital Bangladesh” is an initiative taken by the present Government of Bangladesh. The proposed model for migrating the operation of one of the vital sectors i.e. the energy sector in Bangladesh to cloud through web application is an innovative and bold step towards “Digital Bangladesh”. Upon successful completion of the project, it is expected that about 90% of the energy sector’s data can be automatically captured and reported for management and operation through the proposed Web ECM application. By migrating to the web platform and by having capability to analyze the field data, the target of least environmental and electricity supply cost model will be achieved. Also throughout the project, highly qualified personnel and skilled IT professionals will be developed who will not only support the model development, will also be able to develop similar models in other sectors in Bangladesh. This project will be a model for undertaking any large project with bigger impact as it develops required skill-set and ensures effective technology transfer that starts with knowledge transfer as the project progresses. It is expected that the close collaboration with the Canadian team will allow learning and building confidence in undertaking similar projects in Bangladesh with minimal technical and financial support from foreign countries in future. The application developed in this project will bring transparency, increase efficiency, improve productivity in entire electricity supply chain and allow consumers to be more energy aware as well as aid policy planners to develop energy economic policies for the country in coming years.

 

Dr. M. Shamsul Alam
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Daffodil International University and
Energy Advisor, Consumers Association of Bangladesh (CAB)

Dr. Marzia Zaman
Senior System Engineer, e-POWER
Walter Light Hall, Room 108, 19 Union Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6
Canada

References
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Figueiredo, J., Martins, J., 2010. Energy Production System Management – Renewable energy power supply integration with Building Automation System. Energy Convers. Manag. 51, 1120–1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.12.020.

Fuchs, M., Teichmann, J., Lauster, M., Remmen, P., Streblow, R., Müller, D., 2016. Workflow automation for combined modeling of buildings and district energy systems. Energy 117, 478–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.04.023.

Halder P, Pietarinen J, Havu-nuutinen S et al (2016) The theory of planned behavior model and students’ intentions to use bioenergy: a cross-cultural perspective. Renew Energy 89:627–635.

Lee, S.M., Kim, J.H., Kim, M.C., Seong, P.H., 2016. Optimization of automation: III. Development of optimization method for determining automation rate in nuclear power plants. Ann. Nucl. Energy 95, 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2016.04.047

Marinakis, V., Doukas, H., Karakosta, C., Psarras, J., 2013. An integrated system for buildings’ energy-efficient automation: Application in the tertiary sector. Appl. Energy 101, 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.05.032.

Naess, A. & Sessions, G. (1984). Basic Principles of Deep Ecology. The Anarchist Library. Retrieved from https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/arne-naess-and-george-sessions-basic-principles-of-deep-ecology on March 19, 2018.

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Rosa, E., Machlis, G. & Keating, K. (1988). Energy and Society. Annual Review of Sociology. 14: 149-172.

Glossary

BOT              Build Operate Transfer
BERC           Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission
BPDB           Bangladesh Power Development Board
BREB           Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board
CAB              Consumers Association of Bangladesh
DESCO         Dhaka Electric Supply Company Limited
DNCRP        Department of National Consumer Right Protection
DPDC           Dhaka Power Distribution Company Limited
ECM             Electricity cost Model
EE                 Energy Efficiency
HFO              Heavy Fuel Oil
HSD              High Speed Diesel
IPP                Independent Power Producer
LNG              Liquefied Natural Gas
NESCO         Northern Electricity Supply Company Limited
PBS               Polly Bidyut Somitee
PGCB            Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Limited
QRPP            Quick Rental Power Plant
RE                 Renewable Energy
RPP               Rental Power Plant
SIPP              Small Independent Power Producer
WZPDC        West Zone Power Distribution Company Limited

Annex A: Team Expertise

Dr. M. Shamsul Alam
Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Daffodil International University
AND Energy Advisor
Consumers Association of Bangladesh (CAB) Bangladesh
Dr. Alam is the principal investigator of this project. His role includes but not limited to organizing the team, project planning, liaison between the stakeholders and team members of this project. He is also the subject matter expert in energy economics and therefore will be a key person in capturing the requirements of the web application. In collaboration with Dr. Zaman, he will supervise the graduate and undergraduate students working on this project.

Dr. Alam has a decorated career life of over 36 years. He holds his B.Sc, M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Electrical and Electronic Engineering and started his teaching career since 1982. Throughout his career, he has served as Departmental Head, Energy Institute Director and Faculty Dean in different universities including at his current workplace in Daffodil International University, Bangladesh. Besides teaching, Dr. Alam is a national energy expert in Bangladesh and has appeared in many energy policy discussions and debates through electronic and printed media. He has been working as reviewer of Renewable Energy Journal since 2014. Dr. Alam is an Energy Advisor for Consumers Association of Bangladesh since 2007.

Dr. Marzia Zaman
Senior System Engineer
e-POWER
Walter Light Hall, Room 108 19 Union Street
Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 CANADA
Dr. Zaman is the software architect and one of the main software developers in this project. She will also closely interact with the team in Bangladesh to capture requirements and train the IT professionals in developing and deploying the web based application. She will lead the team in Canada for web development activities. Dr. Zaman holds Master’s and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada. She is currently working at e-Power lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Canada as a senior system engineer. In her current position, she is closely working with industry partner and managing the software development project for a Nano-grid Solar PV system. In the past she has designed and developed a web based remote monitoring application for residential Solar PV system. The web application development was part of research projection renewable energy funded by Ontario Research Fund, Ontario, Canada. The software is operational and serving SPARQ Microsystems to manage their customers’ residential micro-inverter based Solar-PV system. She was also involved in developing a mobile app for monitoring and payment of a standalone Solar-PV system that is currently under field trial in Uganda. During her 22 years of career in software and IT industry, she worked on many start-up companies and developed software applications as well as managed many R&D projects in different areas including software engineering, voice over IP, renewable energy, cloud computing.

Dr. Marcio Almeida
700 Silver Seven Road, Ottawa, ON
Canada, K2V 1C3, Canada
Dr. Almeida will be involved in developing cost optimization, load and cost prediction algorithms as well as other required advanced analytics. He will be also instrumental in capturing the software requirements and providing continuous consulting support to the software development team in Canada.

Dr. Almeida holds Master’s in Computer Networks and Ph.D. in Computer Science from Salvador University and Sao Paulo University, Brazil, respectively. He has over 15 years of working experience in R&D. He is currently working as a Data Scientist at Kinaxis, Kanata, Canada. He has developed many web-based applications for different clients. During his career life at Cistel Technology, Ottawa, Canada, he was involved in developing a web-based application for remotely monitoring and controlling residential Solar-PV system. The system is used by SPARQ Microsystems for managing their customers’ Solar-PV energy systems. He has also developed a web-based application for customer experience management on mobile devices. Dr. Almeidahas a strong background and working experience in software architecture, web technology, machine learning and computer networks. Throughout his career life, Dr. Almedia has been a key resource to his organization and mentored many junior engineers and his co-workers.

Dr. Alam Hossain Mondal
Associate Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Daffodil International University
Bangladesh
Dr. Mondal will be responsible for developing the operational model of the web application. He will work closely with Dr. Zaman and Dr. Alam to transfer knowledge and build a team of trainees in Bangladesh. Dr. Mondal will be also responsible for supervising the students working in this project. Dr. Mondal’s career life started in 1997 after his bachelor degree in Electrical Engineering. Later he earned his MSc. and Ph.D degrees from University of Flensburg, Germany and University of Bonn, Germany, respectively. He has been worked as a Research Fellow in Environment & Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington DC, USA. He was responsible for leading the IFPRI’s energy programs that include national and regional energy strategy development, policy advice and dialogue, capacity development and thought leadership on energy. He has been conducting research on long-term energy policy design to improve energy security, access to modern energy and mitigate GHG emissions from energy sector. Prior to his employment in IFPRI, he has been involved in many research institutes in Canada, United Arab Emirate, Germany and Bangladesh. He has authored and co-authored numerous papers in reputed journals and conferences.

M. A. Razzaque Rupom
CEO and Head of Development
OS CLiCKS
Razzaque Rupom is the technical leader for the software development team in Bangladesh. Rupom has many years of web development experience. After graduating in Computer Science and Engineering in 2004, he started his career in Quantum Cloud – a software development company in Bangladesh. Since 2004, he has worked in many software companies – mainly involved in database design and web development. In 2015, he started his own company OS CLiCKS where he works as the head of the development. Rupom has successfully completed many web application development projects for his clients both in Bangladesh and overseas. He is proficient in many software languages including but not limited to ASP .NET, PHP, MySQL, node.js. Over the years, Rupom has developed 500 Plus (500+) Business Management, Content Management System (CMS), and E-commerce Web Applications and also contributed to more than 400 other websites/applications. He has eleven (11) research publications in international conferences. These include both theoretical and practical innovations in different fields of Computer Science and Information Technology.

In addition to the above key team members, a number of professional engineers and academic researchers will be involved in the data collection, data entry, software development, software testing, data analysis and deployment of the web based ECM.

As mentioned in the proposal, professional capacity building is one of the key objectives of this project. A board will be formed with the core team members who will select qualified candidates from the capacity-building program under the project to work on the actual development.

In Team Bangladesh all engineers identified to work on this project will be on training to build capacity at professional and academic level for supporting the application developed in this project and develop similar applications in future projects.

 

 

(সার সংক্ষেপ)
বিদ্যুৎ সরবরাহ ব্যয় বিশ্লেষণে
ওয়েব মডেল

সরকার সর্বস্তরে ডিজিটাল প্রযুক্তি ব্যবহারের উদ্যোগ নিয়েছে। এ-উদ্যোগ বাংলাদেশের সার্বিক উন্নয়নের জন্য জরুরী ও সময় উপযোগী। জ্বালানী ও বিদ্যুৎ খাত ব্যবস্থাপনায় ডিজিটাল প্রযুক্তির ব্যবহার নতুন নয়। তবে জ্বালানী ও বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদন, সঞ্চালন এবং বিতরণে স্বচ্ছতা নিশ্চিত করার লক্ষ্যে ওয়েব এপ্লিকেশনের মাধ্যমে বিদ্যুৎ ও জ্বালানী সরবরাহ ব্যয়ের সকল পর্যায়ের নানা তথ্য সংগ্রহ, সংরক্ষণ ও যথাযথ ব্যবহার হলে বাংলাদেশের প্রেক্ষিতে তা হবে একটি নতুন ও দরকারি পদক্ষেপ।

সেই লক্ষ্যে ওয়েব এপ্লিকেশনভিত্তিক একটি মডেল প্রস্তাব করা হয়েছে। মডেলটি বাংলাদেশের বিদ্যুৎ ব্যবস্থাপনায় স্বচ্ছতা নিশ্চিতকরণে ব্যবহার হবে। মডেল সম্পর্কিত ধারণা তৈরী, কাঠামোগত পরিকল্পনা ও নির্মাণ এবং পরীক্ষামূলক প্রয়োগের মাধ্যমে মডেলের যথার্থতা নিশ্চিত করে ব্যবহার উপযোগী করা হয়েছে। অতঃপর মডেলটি পাইলট প্রকল্পে ব্যবহারের উদ্যোগ নেয়া হয়েছে। এ-প্রকল্পের উদ্দেশ্য: (১) বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদন, সঞ্চালন এবং বিতরণে যথাক্রমে ২টি বিদ্যুৎ প্ল্যান্ট, ২টি মিনি গ্রীড, ২টি সঞ্চালন সার্কিট এরং ২টি বিতরণ ইউনিটের ডাটাবেজ তৈরী করা, (২) মডেলে এই ডাটা ধারণ ও সংরক্ষণ করা এবং সংরক্ষিত ডাটা/তথ্য যেন স্বয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে বিশ্লেষণ হতে পারে, তেমনভাবে মডেলটি উপযোগী করে জাতীয় বিদ্যুৎ ব্যবস্থাপনায় ব্যবহারের জন্য প্রস্তুত করা, (৩) মডেল নির্মাণ, রক্ষণাবেক্ষণ এবং ব্যবহারে সক্ষম উচ্চ মানসম্মত জনবল তৈরী করা, (৪) এ-প্রকল্পের আওতায় মডেল নির্মাণ ও ব্যবহারভিত্তিক জ্ঞান ও প্রযু৩ি আয়ত্তে আনা এবং জাতীয় সক্ষমতা উন্নয়ন নিশ্চিত করা এবং (৫) বিদ্যুৎ খাত ছাড়াও জ্বালানী খাতসহ অন্যান্য খাতে ব্যবহার উপযোগী করে মডেলটি প্রস্তুত করা।

পুরো বিদ্যুৎ খাতকে উক্ত মডেলের আওতায় আনার আগে প্রথমে পাইলটভিত্তিতে মডেলটি বিদ্যুৎ ব্যবস্থাপনায় ব্যবহার উপযোগী করার উদ্যোগ নেয়া হয়েছে। ড্যাফোডিল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষার্থীরা এ-প্রকল্পে মূলত শ্রমশক্তি। তারা প্রথমে প্রকল্পের আওতায় প্রশিক্ষণ নেবে। পরে প্রকল্পের জনবলে পরিণত হবে। এ-প্রক্রিয়া অব্যাহত থাকবে। এ-প্রকল্পের মাধ্যমে বিদ্যুৎ সরবরাহের সকল পর্যায়ের ব্যয় বিশ্লেষণ ও নির্ধারণের নানা পদ্ধতি, ওয়েব এপ্লিকেশন তৈরীর নানা কৌশল ও প্রযুক্তি, মডেলের নানামুখী সেবা গ্রহণের লক্ষ্যে মোবাইল অ্যাপস তৈরীর নানা কৌশল ও প্রযুক্তি, মেশিন লার্নিং এবং ক্লাউড কম্পিউটিং-এর ওপর প্রশিক্ষণের ব্যবস্থা রয়েছে। এ-সব প্রশিক্ষণের মাধ্যমে একদিকে প্রশিক্ষিত জনবল তৈরী হবে, অন্যদিকে এ-সব জনবলের মাধ্যমে উল্লেখিত প্রশিক্ষণ কার্যক্রম দ্বারা মডেলটি তৈরী হবে এবং সে-মডেলে বিদ্যুতের সরবরাহ ব্যয়ভিত্তিক ডাটা বা তথ্য সংগ্রহ, সংরক্ষণ এবং স্বয়ংক্রিয় বিশ্লেষণ হবে।

অংশীজন : নীতি নির্ধারক, পরিকল্পনাকারী, নিয়ন্ত্রক সংস্থা, প্রশাসক, ব্যবস্থাপক, ইউটিলিটি এবং ভোক্তা স্ব স্ব চাহিদা মতে মোবাইল অ্যাপস-এর মাধ্যমে মডেলের সেবা নেবেন। তাতে একদিকে বিদ্যুৎ ব্যবস্থাপনায় যেমন স্বচ্ছতা নিশ্চিত হবে, অন্যদিকে তেমন নুন্যতম ব্যয়ে বিদ্যুৎ সরববাহ, জ্বালানী সংরক্ষণ ও দক্ষতা উন্নয়ন এবং বিদ্যুৎ সরবরাহ চেইনে উৎপাদন, সঞ্চালন, বিতরন ও বিপননে সমন্বয় ও সামঞ্জস ̈তা নিশ্চিত হবে। ফলে বিদ্যুৎ সেবার মানও উন্নয়ন হবে।

প্রকল্পের মেয়াদ ২ বছর। মেয়াদ শেষে প্রকল্পটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য ল্যাব ও প্রশিক্ষণ কেন্দ্র হিসেবে ব্যবহার হবে এবং দেশের সব বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য উন্মুক্ত থাকবে। তদুপরি মডেলটি জাতীয় বিদ্যুৎ ব্যবস্থাপনায় ব্যবহারের উদ্যোগ নেয়া হবে।

ওয়েব বেজড ইলেক্ট্রিসিটি কস্ট মডেলিং প্রজেক্ট
তড়িৎ ও ইলেক্ট্রনিক কৌশল বিভাগ, ড্যাফোডিল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়

সম্পাদক

প্রকৌ. শামিম রাব্বি সঞ্চয়

যোগাযোগের ঠিকানা

ফ্লাট নং : ই-২ (৬ষ্ঠ তলা) ২৪৭ পশ্চিম রামপুরা, ঢাকা ১২১৯, বাংলাদেশ

মোবাইল: ০১৭০৭-২০৩১৩১